Spiritism is so prevalent in Brazil, that spiritist hospitals exist to help cure patients who believe that they are suffering from the influence of negative spirits. Each of these traditions has its own form of spiritual mass similar to the Cuban misa. The Nigerian Orisa-influenced Spiritism (spelled OrixaВ in Brazil), is called UmbandaВ and its Congolese-influenced counterpart was named Kimbanda. In south Brazil, a similar practice to Espiritismo CruzadoВ would also emerge with the birth of two new religions originating from the Afro-Brazilian practice of Macumba. KardecвЂ™s influence is so strong in Brazil that it led to the production of the 2019 Netflix film that I referenced above. Kardec glass spiritual candles can still be found at almost any Afro-Latin botanica or spiritual shop, complete with a prayer on the back for divine communication. Espiritismo Cruzado employs stylized masses known as the misaВ (mass) or mesa blancaВ (white table) that still are widely practiced among adherents of Cuban Santeria (Nigerian OrishaВ worship) and Palo Mayombe. But these practices then mixed further to create Espiritismo Cruzado (crossed or mixed spiritism) that keeps the basic outline of Kardec, but immerses the Congo-Cuban influenceВ to call forward spirits of the past, such as slave and native spirits. This is nothing more than the actual practice of Kardecian Spiritism. Allan KardecвЂ™s thought then exerted its own influence in Latin America, and his teachings both mirrored traditional African practices and reinforced them.В For example, in Cuba a religious tradition known as вЂњEspiritismoвЂќ (Spanish for вЂњspiritismвЂќ) is popular. History shows us that the African slaves held onto their religious practices in Roman Catholic Latin America by hiding their traditional gods behind saints or powerful holy spirits. Similar to more traditional spiritualist practices, Kardec also states that mediums have the ability to manifest spirits within themselves through physical or trance mediumship. Spiritism teaches that enlightened spirits help guide followers on their path, but malevolent spirits also exist and can attach their negative forces upon them, creating heightened tension, violence and fear. Kardec initially defined вЂњSpiritismвЂќ as вЂњa science that deals with the nature, origin, and destiny of spirits, and their relation with the corporeal world.вЂќ In contrast to the more fluid idea of spiritualism often referenced on this website, Kardecian Spiritism states that there is one supreme God and that when we die, our spirit lives on to help others until it is time for our next incarnation. This in turn led to the creation of his philosophy of вЂњ SpiritismвЂќ as well as the publication of five works known as the вЂњSpiritist Codification.вЂќ Spiritism vs Spiritualism During the 1850s Kardec became fascinated with sГ©ances and mediumship which resulted in his own investigation of psychic phenomena. He could speak at least four languages fluently in addition to his native French and he was a member of several scholarly societies. He was a man of letters, having received instruction in both philosophy and the sciences, as well as a doctorate in medicine. 3, 1804, in Lyon, France, and raised Roman Catholic. Allan Kardec stamp, BrasilДЄllen Kardec - actually a pen name for вЂњHippolyte LГ©on Denizard RivailвЂќ - was born on Oct. There, his Spiritism mixed with the traditional religious practices of imported slaves and regional Roman Catholicism to form entirely new Afro-Latin spiritual systems. It also led to the spread of Kardecian Spiritism in such places as Cuba, Haiti, Brazil and elsewhere throughout the Americas. His most famous work, The Spirits Book (1857), was translated widely from the original French and published both in the Americas and Europe. In August of 2019, Netflix released the film Kardec, about Allan Kardec, the mid-nineteenth century founder of modern day Spiritism.

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